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2022 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Finance Survey
First Edition

Zambia, 2022 - 2026
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Reference ID
ZMB-ZSA-MSME-2022-V1.0
Producer(s)
Zambia Statistics Agency, Bank of Zambia
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Created on
Jan 17, 2026
Last modified
Jan 19, 2026
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Data file: Business-Business_Level_21B_Anonymised

The file contains data related to information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of business owners such as sex, age, marital status, rural/urban segmentation, education and wealth

Cases: 4063
Variables: 513

Variables

PROV
PROVINCE
REGION
REGION
HH_ID
R_STATUS
Response Status
Weight_business_individual
PPNO
Person number
BUSS_ID
Bussines ID
BD01_B_BUSINESS_MAIN_ACTIVITY
BD01B.What kind of business or activity is mainly carried out in this business? Describe….
BD01_OTHER_ACTIVITY
BD01D.What kind of business or activity is mainly carried out in this business? Describe….
BD01_OTHER_ACTIVITY_B1
BD01S.What kind of business or activity is mainly carried out in this business? Describe….
BD02_LOCAL_AUTHORITY
BD02Is this business registered with ..... local Authority
BD02_PACRA
BD02Is this business registered with Pacra
BD02_REGISTRA_COPERATIVES
BD02Is this business registered with Registrar of Cooperatives
BD02_MINISTRY_FINANCE
BD02Is this business registered with Ministry of Finance/Courts?
BD02_NOT_REGISTERED
BD02Is this business registered with Not registered with any
BD02A_NOT_REGISTERED
BD02A. Why is the business not registered
BD02A_NOT_REGISTERED_SPECIFY
BD02S. Specify the reason the business not registered
BD03_ZRA
BD03 Is this business registered with ZRA?
BD03A_NOT_REGISTERED
BD03A. Why is the business not registered
BD03A_NOT_REGISTERED_SPECIFY
BD03S. Specify the reason the business not registered with ZRA
BD04_OWNED
BD04. Is this business or farming activity owned by:
BD05_WRITTEN_SHAREHOLDING
BD05 Do you have a written shareholding /partnership agreement?
BD06_PERCENTAGE
BD06 What is the percentage of your shareholding?
BD07_SHAREHOLDING_STATUS
BD07 What is your shareholding status in this business?
BD08_INVOLVED_IN_DAY_TO_DAY
BD08 Are you involved in the day-to-day management of this business?
BD09_YEAR
BD09 In which year did this business start operations?
BD10_BUSINESS_LOCATED
BD10 Where is this business located?
BD10_OTHER_SPECIFY
BD10 What was the main reason why you started this particular business?
BD11_OWNS_PREMISES
BD11 Who owns the premises of this business? Single Responses
BD11_OTHER_SPECIFY
BD11 Who owns the premises of this business? Single Responsess?
BD12_TYPE_OF_STRUCTURE
BD12 Type of structure business operating from
BD12_TYPE_OF_STRUCTURE_SPECIFY
BD12 Type of structure business operating from
BD13_DOING_BEFORE_YOU_BEGAN
BD13 What were you mainly doing before you began this business?
BD13_OTHER_SPECIFY
BD13 What were you mainly doing before you began this business?
BD14_MAIN_REASON_WHY_STARTED
BD14 What was the main reason why you started this particular business?
BD14_OTHER_SPECIFY
BD14 What was the main reason why you started this particular business?
EMP01_ONE_MORE_EMPLOYEES
EMP01 Does this business currently employ / have one or more employees
EMP02_FULL_TIME_EMPLOYEES
EMP02 Full time employees
EMP02_PART_TIME_EMPLOYEES
EMP02 Part time employees
EMP02_TEMPORAL_CASUAL_EMPLOYEES
EMP02 Temporal/Casual employees
EMP03_TOTAL
EMP03 Excluding yourself, of the people who work in your business How many are paid a salary/wage? Total
EMP03_MALE
EMP03 Excluding yourself, of the people who work in your business How many are paid a salary/wage? Male
EMP03_FEMALE
EMP03 Excluding yourself, of the people who work in your business How many are paid a salary/wage? Female
EMP05_SEASONAL_DEMAND_EMPLOYMENT
EMP05 Does your business have seasonal demand for employment?
EMP06_ENGAGE_EXTRA_WORKERS_SDEMA
EMP06 Do you engage extra workers to meet the seasonal demand for employment?
S01_MAIN_SOURCE_START_UP_CAPITAL
S01 What was the main source of start-up capital for your business?
S01_OTHER_SPECIFY
S01 OTHER SPECIFY
S02_FORM_START_UP_CAPITAL
S02 In what form was the start-up capital for your business?
S02_OTHER_SPECIFY
S01 OTHER SPECIFY
S03_STARTUP_CAPITAL_IN
S03 Was this startup capital in...?
S04_HOW_MUCH_START_UP_CAPITAL
S04 How much was the start-up capital for your business?
S05_RECORDS_INCOME_EXP_ASSETS_LI
S05 Does your business have records of income, expenditure, assets and liabilities?
S06_HOW_DO_YOU_RECORD
S06 How do you record?
S06_OTHER_SPECIFY
S06 Other Specify
S07_MANAGES_YOUR_BUSINESS_FINANC
S07 Who manages your business' financial records
S07_OTHER_SPECIFY
S07 OTHER SPECIFY
S07B_PERSON_TRAINED_TO_MANAGE_FI
S07B Is this person trained to manage financial records?
S08_FINANCIAL_RECS_AUDITED_CHECK
S08 Are these financial records audited/checked annually by an accredited accountant?
S09_REASON_NO_RECORDS
S09 What is the main reason your business does not have records of income, expenditure, assets and liabilities?
S09_OTHER_SPECIFY
S09 OTHER SPECIFY
BP01_MONITOR_BUSINESS_PERFORMANC
BP01 Do you monitor or measure your business performance?
BP02_BUSINESS_EXPANDED_DECLINED
BP02 In the last 12 months, has your business expanded, remained the same or declined?
BP03_KNOW_BUSINESS_EXPANDED
BP03 How did you know that your business has expanded?
BP03_OTHER_SPECIFY
BP03 How did you know that your business has expanded? . OTHER SPECIFY
BP04_KNOW_BUSINESS_DECLINED
BP04 How did you know that your business has declined?
BP04_OTHERS_SPECIFY
BP04 How did you know that your business has declined? Others specify
BP05_PLANS
BP05 What is your short term (3 year) plan for your business
BP05A_INTEND_TO_EXPAND
BP05a If you intend to expand your business in three years’ time, would it be…?
BP06_WHAT_SECTOR_TO_EXPAND
BP06 What sector would you like to expand into?
AF01_APPLIED_LOAN_BUSINESS
AF01 Since 2017, have you applied for a loan for business?
AF01_WHY_NOT_APPLIED
AF01A.Why have you not applied for a business loan since 2017
AF01_WHY_NOT_APPLIED_SECIFY
AF01A.Why have you not applied for a business loan since 2017
AF02_TIMES_APPLIED_LOAN
AF02 How many times have you applied for a loan for business since 2017?
AF03_TIMES_SUCCESSFUL_2017
AF03 How many times have you been successful in obtaining a loan for business since 2017?
AF03A_CURRENT_LOAN
AF03A Do you have a loan for your business that you are currently repaying?
AF03B_AMOUNT_BORROWED
AF03B How much did you borrow?
AF04_LAST_APPLIED_LOAN
AF04 When was the last time you applied for a loan for business?
AF05_WERE_YOU_SUCCESSFUL_LOAN_AP
AF05 The last time you applied for a business loan, were you successful?”
AF06_WHEN_LAST_TIME_YOU_SUCCESSF
AF06 When was the last time you successfully obtained a loan for business?
AF07_WHERE_OBTAIN_LAST_LOAN_BUSI
AF07 Where did you obtain the last loan for business?
AF07_OTHER_SPECIFY
AF07 OTHER SPECIFY
AF08_WHICH_GOVT_SCHEME_YOU_OBTAI
AF08 Which Government scheme did you obtain the loan from?
AF08_OTHER_SPECIFY
AF08 OTHER SPECIFY
AF09_WHAT_WAS_IT_MAINLY_FOR
AF09 The last time you were successful in obtaining a loan for business, what was it mainly used for?
AF09_OTHER_SPECIFY
AF09 OTHER SPECIFY
AF10_MAIN_REASON_LOAN_BUSINESS_D
AF10 What was the main reason the loan for the business you applied for was denied?
AF10_OTHER_SPECIFY
AF10 OTHER SPECIFY
AF11_DOC_NOT_PROVIDE
AF11 Which of the following documents did you not provide?
AF11_OTHER_SPECIFY
AF11 Other, specify
AF12_CHALLENGES_HINDER_OBTAIN_LO
AF12 What are some of the challenges that hinder you from obtaining a loan for your business?
AF12_OTHER_SPECIFY
AF12 What are some of the challenges......loan for your business. Other, specify
AF13_WRITTEN_CONTRACT
AF13 Written Contract
AF13_TERMS_CONDITIONS
AF13 Terms and Conditions
AF13_TOLDABOUT_COSTS
AF13 Told About Costs
AF13_UNDERSTAND_COSTS
AF13 Understand Costs
AF13_LOAN_REPAYMENT
AF13 Loan Repayment
AF13_PROVIDE_DOCUMENTS
AF13 Provide Documents
AF14_UNIT
AF14 Specify Period Unit
AF14_DAYS
AF14 Number of Days
AF14_WAIT_DAYS1
AF14_WEEKS
AF14 Number of Weeks
AF14_WAIT_DAYS2
AF14_MONTHS
AF14 Number of Months
AF14_WAIT_DAYS3
AF14_WAIT_DAYS
Application Approval Period
AF15_DEFAULTED_LOAN_REPAYMENT
AF15 Have you ever defaulted on a loan repayment for your business?
AF16_MAIN_REASON_DEFAULTING
AF16 What was the main reason for defaulting?
AF16_OTHER_SPECIFY
AF16 OTHER SPECIFY
AF17_GIFT_GRANT
AF17_1 Gift / Grant
AF17_PRIVATE_EQUITY
AF17_2 Private Equity
AF17_VENTURE_CAPITAL
AF17_3 Venture Capital
AF17_PRIVATE_INVESTOR
AF17_4 Private Investor
AF17_CROWD_FUNDING
AF17_5 Crowd funding
AF17_CAPITAL_MARKETS
AF17_6 Capital Markets
AF17_OTHER
AF17_7 Other Specify
AF17_OTHER_SPECIFY
AF17_7 Specify
SI01A_ACCOUNT
SI01A Do you have an Account?
SI01B_BUSSINESS_ACCOUNT
SI01B Is it a business account?
SI01C_BUSINESS_ACC_BANK
SI01C IF Business account with a bank which institution
SI01D_COMPLAINT_HANDLING
SI01D Complaints handling procedure
SI01E_ACCOUNT_SATISFACTION
SI01E Account Satisfaction
SI02A_INVESTMENT
SI02A Do you have a Business Investment?
SI02B_INVESTMENT_INSTITUTION
SI02B Investment institution
SI02C_COMPLAINT_HANDLING2
SI02C Complaints handling procedure
SI02D_INVESTMENT_SATISFACTION
SI02D Investment Satisfaction
SI03A_SECURITIES
SI03A Do you have any Business Securities?
SI03B_SECURITIES_INSTITUTION
SI03B Securities institution
SI03C_COMPLAINT_HANDLING3
SI03C Complaints handling procedure
SI03D_SECURITIES_SATISFACTION
SI03D Securities Satisfaction
SI04A_INSURANCE
SI04A Do you have any Insurance for your business?
SI04B_INSURANCE_COMPANIES
SI04B Insurance Institution?
SI04C_COMPLAINT_HANDLING4
SI04C Complaints handling procedure
SI04D_INSURANCE_SATISFACTION
SI04D Insurance Satisfaction
SI05A_MOBILE_MONEY
SI05A Do you have a mobile money account?
SI05B_COMPLAINT_HANDLING5
SI05B Complaints handling procedure
SI05C_MOBILE_MONEY_SATISFACTION
SI05C Mobile Money satisfaction
SI06A_SAVINGS_ACCOUNT
SI06A Do you have a Savings Account?
SI06B_SAVINGS_INSTITUTIONS
SI06B Savings Institution
SI06C_COMPLAINT_HANDLING6
SI06C Complaints handling procedure
SI06D_SAVINGS_SATISFACTION
SI06D Savings Satisfaction
SI07_MAINLY_DO
SI07 What do you mainly do with the profit you make in your business?
SI07_MAINLY_DO_SPECIFY
SI07 Mainly do specify
IE01_REPORT_INCOME
IE01 How do you report the income you make for your business. Is it daily, weekly, monthly or annually
IE01A_AVERAGE_SALES_INCOME
IE01a What are the average sales/income for your business?
IE02_REPORT_EXPENDITURE
IE02 How do you report the expenditure for your business. Is it daily, weekly, monthly or annually
IE02A_AVERAGE_EXPENSES
IE02a What are the average expenses related to your business?
IE03_HIEGHEST_MONTHLY
IE03 What is the hieghest monthly cost to your business?
IE03_OTHER_SPECIFY
IE03.Other, specify
IES03B_SPEND_ON
IES03b On average, Hhow much do you spend on ……?
AST01_ASSET1
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET2
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET3
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET4
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET5
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET6
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET7
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET8
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET9
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET10
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET11
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET12
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET13
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET14
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET15
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET16
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET17
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET18
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET19
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET20
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET21
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET22
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET23
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET24
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET25
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET26
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET27
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET28
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET29
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET30
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET31
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET32
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET33
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET34
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET35
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET36
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET37
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET38
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET39
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET40
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET41
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET42
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET43
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET44
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET45
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET46
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET47
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET48
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET49
AST01A Asset
AST01_ASSET50
AST01A Asset
AST02_LAND
AST02 Land Owned
AST02_LAND_TITLE
AST02A Land has title deed?
AST03_BUILDING
AST03 Building owned
AST03_BUILDING_TITLE
AST03 Building has title deed?
AM01_MAINLY_SELL_PRODUCTS
AM01 Where do you mainly sell your products, produce or services?
AM01_OTHER_SPECIFY
AM01 Where do you mainly sell your products, produce or services?
AM01A_MAIN_MODE_OF_TRANSPORT
AM01A What is your main mode of transport to the market for your product, produce or service?
AM01A_MODE_OF_TRANSPORT_SPECIFY
AM01A Specify main mode of transport to the market for your product, produce or service.
AM01B_HOW_LONG
AM01B How long do you take to get to the market where you sell your product, produce or service
AM01B_HOW_LONG_QTY
AM01BS Specify how long you take to get to the market where you sell your product, produce or service
AM01C_COUNTRY_SELL
AM01C State the country to which you normally sell your products or services? Only ask if response in q1 is outside the country
AM02_MAIN_CLIENTS
AM02 Who are your main clients
AM02_SPECIFY
AM02S Who are your main clients specify
AM03_HOW_YOU_ADVERTISE
AM03 How do you advertise this business' products, produce or services? Multiple response
AM03_ADVERTISE_SPECIFY
AM03 How do you advertise this business' products, produce or services? Multiple response
AM04_MAIN_MODE_OF_SALE
AM04 What Is the main mode of sale for this business' products/ produce/ services?
AM04_SPECIFY
AM04S Specify main mode of sale clients specify
AM05_CUSTOMERS_NORMALLY_PAY
AM05 How do your customers normally pay for the business' product, produce or service?
AM05_SPECIFY
AM05S Specify how your customers normally pay for the business' product, produce or service?
AM06_MARKET_CONSTRAINTS
AM06 Does this business face market access constraints?
AM06A_CHALLENGES
AM06A What are some of the constraints challenges you encounter in accessing the market for this business' products/produce/services
AM06A_CHALLENGES_OTHER
AM06S What are some of the constraints challenges you encounter in accessing the market for this business' products/produce/services
AM07_MEMBER_ASSOCIATION
AM07 Are you a member of any business associations?
AM08_ASSOCIATION_TYPE
AM08 What type of business association do you belong to?
AM08_SPECIFY
AM08 Specify what type of business association you belong to.
AM09_SUPPORT_RECIEVE
AM09 What kind of support do you receive from the business association you belong to?
AM09_SPECIFY
AM09 What kind of support do other specify
AM10_IMPORT_RAW_MATERIALS
AM10 Do you import raw materials, products or services for your business?
AM11_COUNTRY_OF_IMPORT
AM11 State the country from which you normally import your products or services?
BC01_EXPERIENCE_CHALLENGES
BC01 Did you experience any challenges when setting up this business? Multiple response…Start with the major challenge
BC02_CHALLENGES_FACED
BC02 What were the challenges that you faced when setting up this business?
BC02_SPECIFY
BC02 Other specify challenges that you faced when setting up this business.
BC03_MAJOR_CHALLENGES
BC03 What are the major challenges currently facing this business? Multiple mention
BC03_SPECIFY
BC03 What are the majaor challenges_other specify
BC04_THREE_MAIN
BC04 What were the three main problems you faced when you started business?
BC04_SPECIFY
BC04 What were the three main problems you faced when you started business?
CC01_COVID_START
CC01.Since the start of the COVID 19 pandemic, has this business been affected?
CC02_COVID_AFFECTED
CC02. How has the COVID 19 pandemic affected this business?
CC02_SPECIFY
CC02. How has the COVID 19 pandemic affected this business?
CC03_DRY_SPELL
CC03. Did your business experience effects of Droughts/Dry Spell
CC03_HEAT_WAVE
CC03. Did your business experience effects of Heat Wave
CC03_STORMS_FLOODS
CC03. Did your business experience effects of Storm Floods
CC03_EXTENDED_LOWTEMPERATURE
CC03. Did your business experience effects of Extended Low Temperature
CC03_OTHER_CLIMATE
CC03. Did your business experience effects of Other Climate
CC03_OTHER_CLIMATE_SPECIFY
CC03. Specify
CC04_HARDSHIPS
CC04.Did this business experience the following hardships as a result of
CC05_DEAL_HARDSHIP
CC05. How did this business deal with the hardship [in 4]
CC05_SPECIFY
CC05. How did this business deal with the hardship [in 4]
CC06_PRODUCT_TAKEUP
CC06. Which of the following financial products would you be most willing to take up to protect your business?
CC07_NOT_WILLING
CC07. What is the main reason why you are not willing to spend money to protect your business against climate-related events
CC07_SPECIFY
CC07. What is the main reason why you are not willing to spend money to protect your business against climate-related events
IE01A_AVERAGE_SALES_INCOME_ANNUA
IE02A_AVERAGE_EXPENSES_ANNUAL
IE01A_BUSINESS_SIZE
EMP03_BUSINESS_SIZE
IE01A_EMP03_BUSINESS_SIZE
BD01_B_BUSINESS_MAIN_ACTIVITY_ne
V257
INDUSTRY
BD02_SECTOR_OF_BUSINESS
HH01_HH_MEMBERS
Q01 Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household starting with the head of the household
HH03_RELATIONSHIP
Q02 What is the relationship of (NAME) to the head of the household?
B01SEX_OF_RESPONDENT
B01Sex of Respondent
B02_DOB_DAY
B02.What is your date of birth?
B02_DOB_MONTH
B02 What is your date of birth?
BO2_DOB_YEAR
BO2 What is your date of birth?
B03_OLD_LAST_BIRTHDAY
B03.How old were you at your last birthday?
B04_MARITAL_STATUS
B04.What is your marital status?
B05_CITIZENSHIP
B05 What is your Nationality?
B05B_COUNTRY_ORIGION
B05B What is your country of origin?
B06_EVER_ATTENDED_SCHOOL
B06 Have you ever attended school?
B07A_HIGHEST_LEVEL_EDUCATION
B07a. What is the highest level of education you have attended?
B07B_PRIMARY_SECONDARY
B07b. If Primary or Secondary, What is the highest grade you have completed
B07C_TERTIARY
B07C If tertiary, What is the highest qualification obtained
B7D_FIELD_OF_STUDY
b7d. What is the field of study for the highest qualification?
B08_TECHNICAL_VOCATION
b08. Have you ever attended technical or vocational training
B09_HGRADE_OF_TECHNICAL
b09 What is the highest grade of technical or vocational training (NAME) has completed
AFP01_BANK_OVERDAFT
Bank Overdraft
AFP01_BUSSINES_LOAN
Business loan
AFP01_INVOICE_DISCOUNTING_FACTOR
Invoice discounting or Factoring
AFP01_MICRO_CREDIT
Micro-credit
AFP01_TRADE_CREDIT
Trade credit
AFP01_VENTURE_CAPITAL
Venture Capital
AFP01_ANGEL_INVESTMENT
Angel investment/ Business angels
AFP01_PUBLIC_EQUITY
Public equity (stocks held by the public)
AFP01_CROWD_FUNDING
Crowdfunding/ peer-to-peer lending
AFP01_FINANCE_LEASING
Finance Leasing or hire purchase
AFP01_PROPERTY_INSURANCE
Property insurance
AFP01_THIRD_PARTY
Third-party liability insurance
AFP01_LIFE_ASSURANCE
Life assurance for the owner
AFP01_BONDS_LOANS
Sustainable (social or green) bonds or loans
AFP01_DEVELOPMENT_FINANCE
Development Finance
AFP02_WAREHOUSE_RECEIPTING
Warehouse receipting
AFP02_CREDIT_GUARANT_SCHEME
Credit Guarantee Scheme
AFP02_MOVABLE_COLATERAL
Movable Collateral Facilities
AFP02_CREDIT_REFERENCE_BUREAU
Credit Reference Bureau
AFP02_NAT_FIN_SWITCH
National Financial Switch
AFP03_UNDERSTAND
Do you understand the complaints handling procedure at your financial service provider?
CB_01_ATTENDED
In the last five years, have you attended any capacity building programmes or training related to your businesses
CB02_LAST_TIME
The last time you received capacity building or training, which institution or individual provided the training
CB02_LAST_TIME_OTHER_SPECIFY
The last time you received capacity building or training, which institution or individual provided the training
CB03_POSITIVE_IMPACT
Did the last capacity building or training you received have a positive impact on your business?
Total: 513
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