2022 National Survey on Access and Usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) By Households and Individuals
Fourth Series
Zambia, 2022 - 2023
Get Microdata
Reference ID
ZMB-ZSA-ICT-2022-V1.0
Producer(s)
Zambia Statistics Agency, Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority
Metadata
Created on
Jan 17, 2026
Last modified
Jan 19, 2026
Page views
8030
Downloads
19
Identification
Survey ID Number
ZMB-ZSA-ICT-2022-V1.0
Title
2022 National Survey on Access and Usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) By Households and Individuals
Subtitle
Fourth Series
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Zambia | ZMB |
Study type
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Series Information
The 2022 National Survey on Access and Usage of ICTs by Households and Individuals is the fourth in the series of these surveys. The first National survey was conducted in 2013, the second one in 2015 and the third survey undertaken in 2018.
Abstract
The 2022 National Survey on Access and Usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) was aimed at measuring progress in the uptake of ICT products and services across the country. This follows prior assessments undertaken in 2013, 2015 and subsequently 2018 with a significant proportion of the survey having similar scope. Specifically, the survey investigated various attributes relating to adoption, diversity in use, quality of experiences, barriers to access, affordability and electronic waste. For the first time, the 2022 survey considered aspects related to the adoption of electronic services as well as postal and courier services among households and individuals and provided a more extensive assessment to aspects relating to Digital Financial Services. The survey maintained its national scope and provided regional and provincial estimates on all the aspects evaluated. These estimates were generated based on the recent 2022 Census Frame. The key features of the survey was the investigation of households that had access to electricity Access and Usage of Television and Radio Broadcasting Services,Ownership of Computers by Households,Access to Internet Services by Households,ICT Skills among Individuals,Ownership and Usage of Mobile phones,Access to Internet Services by Individuals, Online ,Risks and Mitigation by Households and Individuals, Access and Usage of Digital Financial Services by Households andIndividuals, Usage of Electronic Services,Postal and Courier Services and Electrical or Electronic Waste management.
The 2022 National Survey on Access and Usage of ICTs sought to measure progress in access and usage of ICTs by households and individuals in Zambia. This information was assessed with various population attributes such as age, gender, geographical classification, literacy, disability and socio economic status among others.
The 2022 National Survey on Access and Usage of ICTs sought to measure progress in access and usage of ICTs by households and individuals in Zambia. This information was assessed with various population attributes such as age, gender, geographical classification, literacy, disability and socio economic status among others.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Households
Individuals
Individuals
Version
Version Description
Vesion 1.0 Edited and anoymized dataset for public distribution
Version Date
2023
Scope
Notes
The scope of the survey included : various population attributes such as age, gender, geographical classification, literacy, disability and socio economic status among others. The specific technologies and devices adopted, skills of users as well as the nature of activities undertaken while using ICT platforms were also evaluated.
Household:Household roster, Household Income, ICT Usage, internet online risks
Individual: ICT access, distribution, Internet usage for individuals and internet risks
Household:Household roster, Household Income, ICT Usage, internet online risks
Individual: ICT access, distribution, Internet usage for individuals and internet risks
Topics
| Topic |
|---|
| Identification Particulars |
| Household Roster |
| Respondent Background |
| Household Income |
| Household ICT Usage |
| Internet/Online Risk Mitigation |
| Digital Financial Services |
| e-Waste |
| ICT Access |
| internet usage |
| E-services |
| Regulatory |
| Postal and Courier |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Communication |
| Digital |
| Telecommunication |
| Technology |
| Internet |
| Access |
| Risks |
| E-Waste |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Province
Rural/Urban
Province
Rural/Urban
Universe
Household questionnaire : Information was collected for All household members
Individual Questionnaire was administered to all the Individual members of the household aged above 10.
Individual Questionnaire was administered to all the Individual members of the household aged above 10.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | Ministry of Finance And Natiional Planning |
| Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority | Ministry of Technology and Science |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bank of Zambia | Ministry of Finance and National Planning | Technical design of instruments, analysis and reporting on the aspects related to Digital Financial Services. |
| Ministry of Technology and Science | Zambian Government | Policy related aspects of the survey |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority | ZICTA | Financing of the survey |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency provincial officers | Zambia Statistics Agency | Training and Supervision of enumerators |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
A two-stage stratified-cluster sampling method was adopted for the National Survey on Access and Usage of ICTs. The survey was designed to cover a representative sample of 6,466 households. This sample size was considered adequate to provide reliable national estimates for the population. A total of 320 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were drawn from 38 000 EAs nationwide. In order to increase the reliability and efficiency of the sample, the sample size was increased from 246 EAs considered in the 2018 National Survey on Access and Usage of ICTs to 320 EAs in 2022 National Survey on Access and Usage of ICTs. The survey was designed to produce reliable estimates at national, provincial, urban and rural levels.
Weighting
In order for the survey estimates to be representative at national or any domain level, it was necessary to weight the sample data with appropriate expansion factors. Weighted analysis of survey results was needed to achieve unbiased or nearly unbiased estimates of population parameters. The weights were computed to compensate for unequal selection probabilities. The weight for each sample unit is equal to the reciprocal/ inverse of its probability of selection
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2022-11 | 2023-01 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The survey team's primary role is to collect household level data. The team comprises enumerators, supervisors, master trainers, coordinators, zone managers and regional statisticians. The data collection was carried out by 22 interviewing teams each assigned to a province. Each team had 3-4 enumerators and one supervisor.The supervisor managed the data collection team, ensuring high-quality, accurate data is gathered efficiently by data collectors, assigning workloads, monitoring fieldwork, troubleshooting issues, verifying data, and maintaining timelines.
Data Collection Notes
The data collection was carried out by 22 interviewing teams each assigned to a province. Interviews were conducted only in the selected households over a three week period. Face to face interviews were conducted using the Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) among all the household members aged 10 and above that were present at the time of the interview in the selected households. The survey solutions application for Android, a software package for capturing and digitizing data from Census and surveys developed by the World Bank was used on the CAPI devices. The use of CAPI was useful in ensuring that data was stored in real time and evaluated for completeness
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | ZamStats | Ministry of Finance and National Planning |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
A questionnaire for households was administered to all the selected households while another questionnaire was administered to all the Individual members of aged above 10. Both the questionnaires had structured questions consisting of a combination of closed and open-ended questions. The questionnaire collected various information on identification Particulars, Household Roster, Respondent Background, Household Income, Household ICT Usage, Internet/Online Risk Mitigation, Digital Financial Services and e-Waste section.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Field editing: After completing an interview, the enumerator sends the work to the supervisor to check for accurancy and consistency.In addition, the supervisor edits data by reviewing collected information for immediate errors like out-of-range answers or faulty logic in CAPI system, identifying inconsistencies , and would send problematic interviews back to the interviewer for correction, ensuring data quality and adherence to skip patterns through checks for logical flow.
Other Processing
The data cleaning process involved the identification of incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, irrelevant data and then replacing, modifying or deleting the affected data. The inconsistencies detected or removed may have been originally caused at the time of data capture, corruption in transmission or storage or by different data dictionary definitions of similar entities. The process of data cleaning also involved
removing typographical errors as well as validating and correcting values against a known list of entities.
removing typographical errors as well as validating and correcting values against a known list of entities.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Dissemination | Zambia Statistics Agency | infor@zamstats.gov.zm | Link |
Confidentiality
The Agency shall,where statistics are designated as official statistics, protect the confidentiality and identity of the source of data.
Under the provision of the Statistics ACT no.13 of 2018, ZamStats is obliged to preserve the confidentiality of respondent information in all its census and survey data
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the Agency.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the Agency.
Access conditions
Micro data records are anonymised as per procedures before these are made available to users.
Micro data files are all free but under access policy Conditions:
Each dataset has an access policy :Public use file- Accessible to all and - Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions. The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Zambia Statistics Agency
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
Micro data files are all free but under access policy Conditions:
Each dataset has an access policy :Public use file- Accessible to all and - Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions. The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Zambia Statistics Agency
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
Citation requirements
Zambia Statistics Agency(2022). 2022 National Survey on Access and Usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) By Households and Individuals, Lusaka,Zambia
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | Ministry of Finance And National Planning | infor@zamstats.gov.zm | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
ZamStats will not bear any responsibility for the erroneous use of its data by researchers. Users should report inconsistencies in the data (both micro and aggregated) to ZamStats as soon as possible.
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such use.
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such use.
Copyright
(c)2023,Zambia Statistics Agency
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-ZMB-ZSA-ICT-2022-V1.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | ZamStats | Ministry of Finance And National Planning | Documenting the Study |
Date of Metadata Production
2026-01-12
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (January 2026)