2021 Socio Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 on Households in Zambia
1st Edition
Zambia, 2021
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Reference ID
ZMB-ZSA-SEIA-2021-V1.0
Producer(s)
Zambia Statistics Agency,
Metadata
Created on
Jan 16, 2026
Last modified
Jan 17, 2026
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Identification
Survey ID Number
ZMB-ZSA-SEIA-2021-V1.0
Title
2021 Socio Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 on Households in Zambia
Subtitle
1st Edition
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Zambia | ZMB |
Study type
Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems]
Series Information
This Socio Economic Impact Assessment Survey of COVID_19 on Households in Zambia was the first national survey undertaken since the advent of the COVID-19 in 2019. The SEIA provides data for evidence-based policies and interventions for effective social and economic responses that will address not only the current effects of Covid-19 but several other developmental challenges.
Abstract
The purpose of the assessment was two-fold; to fill the data gaps on the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on households in Zambia and provide evidence to inform targeted policy and programmatic responses to the crisis. The objective of the COVID-19 Socio-economic Impact Assessment survey is to assess the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on household welfare and provide data for rebasing of GDP, assess COVID- 19-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of households in order to understand compliance levels on COVID-19 preventive measures, estimate the potential impact of COVID-19 on Households' wellbeing on selected indicators, assess the effects of COVID-19 on access to selected health services, collect data on the Consumption Expenditure in households for GDP rebasing and Collect baseline Household welfare data for the SWIFT model. To fulfill the objectives of the study, two questionnaires were used: Household, and Individual questionnaire. The household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household or alternate head while the individual questionnaire was administered to all household members who were 10 years and older. The survey questionnaires covered the following topics: demographic characteristics, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices, Socio-Economic Effects of COVID-19 on households, Survey Wellbeing via Instant Fast Track (SWIFT) model and Household Health Risks. An expenditure module was also included specifically to provide data for rebasing of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Households
Individuals
Individuals
Version
Version Description
V1.0 Edited,Anonymized Dataset for Public Distribution
Version Date
2021-03-08
Scope
Notes
The survey implemented Face-to-face interviews using Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI). The Household and Individual Questionnaires were programmed into tablet computers to facilitate CAPI for data collection purposes using CSPro. The household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household or alternate head while the individual was administered to all (10 years and above) members of the selected households. . The Household Questionnaire listed all members of households and visitors in selected households. Demographic information was collected on each person listed, including age, sex, marital status, education, and relationship to the head of the household. The data on age of household members was used to screen eligible respondents for the individual questionnaire and sex was also used to ask applicable questions to women. The Household Questionnaire and Individual questionnaires also collected information on: Demographic Characteristics ;Household Amenities and Housing Conditions ; Education ; Knowledge, Attitude and Practices ;Socio-Economic Effects of COVID-19 on households ;Effects of COVID-19 on emotional and social wellbeing ;Access to Health services amidst the COVID-19 pandemic ;Household wellbeing via Instant Fast Track (SWIFT) module ;Household Expenditure and Consumption; Deaths in Households
Topics
| Topic |
|---|
| Survey Methodology |
| Household Population and Housing Characteristics |
| Housing Characteristics and Amenities |
| Knowledge and Awareness of COVID-19 |
| Attitudes towards COVID-19 |
| COVID-19 Preventive Measures |
| Public Transport Use |
| COVID-19 Hand Hygiene Practices |
| COVID-19 Vaccine Awareness and Willingness to be Vaccinated |
| Health Seeking Behavioural, Access to Health and Well Being |
| Impact of COVID-19 on Socio Economic Well Being of Households |
| Household Expenditure |
| Effect of COVID-19 on Cost of Food Commodities |
| General Mortality |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Population |
| Housing Amenities |
| COVID-19 Knowledge |
| COVID-19 Awareness |
| COVID-19 |
| Hygiene |
| Preventive |
| Education |
| Antenatal |
| Expenditure |
| Mortality |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Provincial
Rural/Urban
Provincial
Rural/Urban
Universe
The survey implemented Face-to-face interviews using Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI). The survey had two types of questionnaires; Household and Individual Questionnaires to facilitate data collection purposes The household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household or alternate head while the individual was administered to all (10 years and above) members of the selected households. All persons 10 years and older in the selected households who were usual household members or visitors who spent a night with the household were eligible for an individual interview.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | Ministry of Finance and National Planning |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Health | Government | Technical assistance in Questionnaire Design |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United Nations Development Programme | UNDP | funding the survey |
| United Nations Population Fund, | UNFPA | funding the survey |
| United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | UNHCR | funding the survey |
| UNICEF | UNICEF | funding the survey |
| World Healt Organization | WHO | funding the survey |
| Iternational Labour Organization | ILO | funding the survey |
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | UNESCO | funding the survey |
| United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS | unaids | funding the survey |
| The World Bank Group | WB | Additional funding the survey |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of National Development Planning | Government of the Republic of Zambia | Partner in the Survey Implementation |
| Ministry of Health | Government of the Republic of Zambia | Ensuring COVID-19 Guidelines are adhered to during training |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sampling frame used for the SEIA survey was developed from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing. The Enumeration Areas were the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) for the SEIA . The SEIA survey employed a two-stage stratified cluster sample design. In the first stage, 420 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected with Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) of the stratum. The measure of size used was the number of households enumerated in the 2010 Census of Population and Housing. A listing of all the households in each selected EAs was conducted. In the second stage, systematic sampling was employed to select 25 households from each EA. In cases where the listing of households in an EA was 25 households or less, all the households in such an EA were interviewed. This resulted into a total sample size of 10, 490 households.
Response Rate
Of the 10,490 households selected, 10,213 were interviewed yielding a response rate of 97 percent. In the interviewed households, 32, 883 women and men age 10 years and older were identified for individual interviews. Of these, 29,715 interviews were completed, yielding a response rate of 90 percent.
Weighting
Survey weights were applied to the processed data in order to infer the data to the population in Zambia.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2021-03-19 | 2021-04-13 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Extensive quality control measures were put in place to ensure accuracy and reliability of the data collected. These measures included
For quality control purposes, field supervisors monitored on a daily basis the data received from the enumerators for completeness before being uploaded to the ZamStats server. Uploads and backups were done in real-time depending on availability of connectivity.
Field monitoring and progress reports were generated every two days to inform the monitoring team so all noted issues could be resolved while field teams were still in the work area
For quality control purposes, field supervisors monitored on a daily basis the data received from the enumerators for completeness before being uploaded to the ZamStats server. Uploads and backups were done in real-time depending on availability of connectivity.
Field monitoring and progress reports were generated every two days to inform the monitoring team so all noted issues could be resolved while field teams were still in the work area
Data Collection Notes
Pretest
In order to continue the survey implementation while taking precautionary measures due to the surge in COVID-19 cases. The pretest training was done virtually. The pretest was conducted from the 19th to 25th January, 2021. The objective of the pretest was to ensure the survey processes, survey questionnaires and CAPI programme were comprehensively tested. This included but was not limited to checking the skip patterns, checking the question phrasing, spelling errors and checking the logics in the questionnaire. The pretest improved the survey instruments and processes.
Training of Trainers
The Training of Trainers was also conducted virtually from 11th to 22nd February 2021. It involved a comprehensive overview of the content of the survey, questionnaire review, Map reading, CAPI training, an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic, and prevention and mitigation measures.
Training of Field Staff
The training of field staff was conducted from 1st to 10th March 2021 in the provinces. A total number of 275 data collectors were trained of which 250 were selected to participate in the survey while the remaining 25 were put on reserve. The training of additional participants was a precautionary measure to act as a buffer in case of any eventualities such as a team member testing positive for Covid-19. During the training, all participants and the trainers were tested for COVID-19 as a way of mitigating the spread of COVID-19. Four positive cases were identified and subsequently excluded from the programme in two provinces. Provincial staff from Ministry of Health continued monitoring the cases.
Data Collection
Data collection started on 19th March 2021 for all the provinces except Western province which started on 22nd March 2021. Field team composition was about 6-7 members comprising (Enumerators, Driver and the Supervisor). The first teams across provinces completed data collection on 3rd April 2021 while the last team completed on 13th April 2021. The completion dates varied across teams. Therefore, the data collection period for the SEIA was from 19th March 2021 to 13th April 2021. Fieldwork was carried out by 210 enumerators (data collectors) and 40 supervisors
In order to continue the survey implementation while taking precautionary measures due to the surge in COVID-19 cases. The pretest training was done virtually. The pretest was conducted from the 19th to 25th January, 2021. The objective of the pretest was to ensure the survey processes, survey questionnaires and CAPI programme were comprehensively tested. This included but was not limited to checking the skip patterns, checking the question phrasing, spelling errors and checking the logics in the questionnaire. The pretest improved the survey instruments and processes.
Training of Trainers
The Training of Trainers was also conducted virtually from 11th to 22nd February 2021. It involved a comprehensive overview of the content of the survey, questionnaire review, Map reading, CAPI training, an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic, and prevention and mitigation measures.
Training of Field Staff
The training of field staff was conducted from 1st to 10th March 2021 in the provinces. A total number of 275 data collectors were trained of which 250 were selected to participate in the survey while the remaining 25 were put on reserve. The training of additional participants was a precautionary measure to act as a buffer in case of any eventualities such as a team member testing positive for Covid-19. During the training, all participants and the trainers were tested for COVID-19 as a way of mitigating the spread of COVID-19. Four positive cases were identified and subsequently excluded from the programme in two provinces. Provincial staff from Ministry of Health continued monitoring the cases.
Data Collection
Data collection started on 19th March 2021 for all the provinces except Western province which started on 22nd March 2021. Field team composition was about 6-7 members comprising (Enumerators, Driver and the Supervisor). The first teams across provinces completed data collection on 3rd April 2021 while the last team completed on 13th April 2021. The completion dates varied across teams. Therefore, the data collection period for the SEIA was from 19th March 2021 to 13th April 2021. Fieldwork was carried out by 210 enumerators (data collectors) and 40 supervisors
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | ZamStats | Ministry of Finance and National Planning |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Two questionnaires were used: Household, and Individual questionnaire. The household questionnaire was administered to the head of the household or alternate head while the individual questionnaire was administered to all household members who were 10 years and older. The survey questionnaires covered the following topics: demographic characteristics, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices, Socio-Economic Effects of COVID-19 on households, Survey Wellbeing via Instant Fast Track (SWIFT) model and Household Health Risks. An expenditure module was also included specifically to provide data for rebasing of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Data Processing
Data Editing
Filed editing was done by supervisors before submitting the completed questionnaires
After data collection, the data was subjected to extensive validation and consistency checks during the data processing stage
After data collection, the data was subjected to extensive validation and consistency checks during the data processing stage
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Dissemination | Zambia Statistics Agency | info@ZamStats.gov.zm | Link |
Confidentiality
The Agency shall,where statistics are designated as official statistics, protect the confidentiality and identity of the source of data.
Under the provision of the Statistics ACT no.13 of 2018, ZamStats is obliged to preserve the confidentiality of respondent information in all its census and survey data
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the Agency.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the Agency
Access conditions
Micro data records are anonymised as per procedures before these are made available to users.
Micro data files are all free but under access policy Conditions:
Each dataset has an access policy :Public use file- Accessible to all and - Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions. The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Zambia Statistics Agency
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
Micro data files are all free but under access policy Conditions:
Each dataset has an access policy :Public use file- Accessible to all and - Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions. The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Zambia Statistics Agency
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
Citation requirements
Zambia Statistics Agency, Socio Economic Impact assessment of COVID-19 On households in Zambia 2021 (SEIA 2021) VERSION 1.0
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | Zambia Statistics Aency | info@zamstats.gov.zm | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
ZamStats will not bear any responsibility for the erroneous use of its data by researchers. Users should report inconsistencies in the data (both micro and aggregated) to ZamStats as soon as possible.
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such use
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such use
Copyright
(C) 2021, Zambia Statistics Agency
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-ZMB-ZSA-SEIA-2021-V1.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | ZamStats | Ministry of Finance and National Planning | Documentation of the study |
Date of Metadata Production
2026-01-12
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (January 2026)