2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey
Fifth Round
Zambia, 2013 - 2014
Get MicrodataIdentification
ZMB-ZSA-ZDHS-2013-14-V1.0
2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey
Fifth Round
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Zambia | ZMB |
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
The 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) is a national sample survey designed
to provide up-to-date information on background characteristics of the respondents, fertility levels,
nuptiality, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods,breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of mothers and young children, early childhood mortality and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, awareness and behaviours regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS and other STIs. The target groups were men age 15-59and women age 15-49 in randomly selected households across Zambia Information about children age 0-5 was also collected, including data on weight and height. The survey collected blood samples for HIV testing in order to determine national and provincial prevalence and incidence rates.
The 2013-14survey is the third ZDHS that includes collection of information on violence against women and HIV testing. Also, it is the first ZDHS to collect information on HIV incidence. In addition, data on malaria prevention and treatment were collected.
The Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) is a nationally representative sample survey
of women and men of reproductive age. The main objective is to provide information on levels and trends
in fertility, childhood mortality, use of family planning methods, maternal and child health indicators including HIV/AIDS. This information is necessary for programme managers, policymakers, and implementers to monitor and evaluate the impact of existing programmes and to design new initiatives for
health policies in Zambia.
The primary objectives of the 2013-14 ZDHS are:
• To collect up-to-date information on fertility, infant and child mortality, and family planning.
• To collect information on health-related matters such as breastfeeding, antenatal care,
children’s immunisations, and childhood diseases.
• To assess knowledge of contraceptive practices among women.
• To assess the nutritional status of mothers and children.
• To improve understanding of variations in HIV seroprevalence levels according to social and
economic characteristics and behavioural risk factors.
• To estimate levels of HIV incidence in the general population of adults.
• To estimate unmet need for antiretroviral treatment.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Individual
Household
Version
V1.1 Edited , Anonymized dataset for Public distribution
2015-03
Scope
The scope of the 2013-14 ZDHS included three questionnaires
The Household Questionnaire was used to collect data such as:
• Age, sex, marital status, and education of all usual members and visitors
• Current school attendance and survivorship of parents among children under age 18
• Characteristics of the structural dwelling/housing unit
• Sanitation facilities and source of water
• Ownership of durable goods, land, and livestock
• Ownership and use of mosquito nets
The Household Questionnaire was also used to record biomarker data, including height and weight
data for children and women and HIV and CD4 testing information for women and men. Data on age and
sex of household members were used to identify the women and men eligible for individual interviews.
The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. Women
were asked questions on the following main topics:
• Background characteristics (age, religion, education, literacy, media exposure, etc.)
• Reproductive history
• Knowledge, use, and source of family planning methods
• Fertility preferences
• Maternal health (antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care)
• Fistula prevalence
• Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
• Child immunisation and childhood illnesses
• Treatment of malaria
• Child mortality
• Marriage and sexual activity
• Women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics
• Awareness of AIDS and other STIs
• Other health issues (e.g., tuberculosis, injection safety, and smoking)
• Maternal mortality
• Domestic violence
The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-59. It collected much of the same
information as the Woman’s Questionnaire but it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or
questions on maternal and child health or nutrition.
| Topic |
|---|
| Education |
| Family Planning |
| Birth Registration |
| Literacy |
| Marriage and Sexual Activity |
| Fertility |
| Infant and Child Mortality |
| Maternal Health |
| Child Health |
| Nutrition of Children and Women |
| HIV Prevalence |
| Adult and Maternal Mortality |
| Malaria |
| HIV/AIDS Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour |
| Women's empowerment |
| Domestic Violence |
| Fertility Prefernces |
Coverage
National
Provincial
Rural/Urban
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents),and visitors. The target groups were men age 15-59 and women age 15-49 in randomly selected households across Zambia.Information about children age 0-5 was also collected, including data on weight and height. The survey collected blood samples for HIV testing in order to determine national and provincial prevalence and incidence rates.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Office | Ministry of Finance and National Planning |
| Department of Population Studies | University of Zambia |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Virology Laboaratory | University Teaching Hospital | Technical support in the implementation of HIV testing |
| Tropical Diseases Research Centre | Ministry of Health | Technical support in the implementation of HIV testing |
| ICF International | USAID | technical assistance in the areas of survey design, sample design, questionnaire design, interviewer training, fieldwork logistics, blood specimen collection, laboratory testing, and data processing and analysis |
| Centers for Disease Control | US Government | technical assistance with protocol development |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Health | Funding for the survey |
| Ministry of Finance | Funding for the survey |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Additional Funds for the survey |
| United Nations Children’s Fund | Additional Funds for the survey |
| United Nations Population Fund | Additional Funds for the survey |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| National Steering Committee | Government and Other stakeholders | Technical guidance for the survey |
Sampling
The sample for the 2013-14 ZDHS was designed to provide estimates at the national and provincial levels, as well as for rural and urban areas within the provinces. The updated list of enumeration areas (EAs) for the 2010 Population and Housing Census provided the sampling frame for the survey. The frame comprises 25,631 EAs and 2,815,897 households. An EA is a convenient geographical area with an average size of 130 households or 600 people. A representative sample of 18,052 households was drawn for the 2013-14 ZDHS. The survey used a two-stage stratified cluster sample design, with EAs (or clusters) selected during the first stage and households selected during the second stage. In the first stage, 722 EAs (305 in urban areas and 417 in rural areas) were selected with probability proportional to size. Zambia is now administratively divided into 10 provinces (Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga,2 Northern, North Western, Southern, and Western). Stratification was achieved by separating each province into urban and rural areas. Therefore, the 10 provinces were stratified into 20 sampling strata. In the second stage, a complete list of households served as the sampling frame in the selection of households for enumeration. An average of 25 households was selected in each EA. It was during the second stage of selection that a representative sample of 18,052 households was selected.
A total of 18,052 households were selected from 722 clusters, of which 16,258 were occupied at the time of the fieldwork. Of the occupied households, 15,920 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household
response rate of 98 percent.
In the interviewed households, a total of 17,064 women age 15-49 were identified as eligible for
individual interviews, and the response rate for the women was 96 percent, Urban: 98.5 percent, Rural-97.5 percent
A total of 16,209 men age 15-59 were identified as eligible for interviews, and 91 percent were successfully interviewed, Urban 89 percent and Rural 93 percent
The 2013-14 ZDHS sample was a two-stage stratified cluster sample, sampling weights were calculated based on sampling probabilities separately for each sampling stage and for each cluster.
Design weight was adjusted for household non-response and for individual non-response to get the sampling weights for households and for women’s and men’s surveys. The differences in the household sampling weight and the individual sampling weights were introduced by individual non-response. The final sampling weights were normalised to get the total number of unweighted cases equal to the total number of weighted cases at the national level, for both household and individual weights. The normalised weights were relative weights that were valid for estimating means, proportions, and ratios but not valid for estimating population totals and pooled data.
Survey instrument
Three questionnaires were used in the 2013-14 ZDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire. The three instruments were based on the questionnaires developed by the Demographic and Health Surveys Program and adapted to Zambia’s specific data needs. The questionnaires were translated into seven major languages: Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi,Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, and Tonga. Questionnaires and field procedures were pretested prior to implementation of the main survey.
The Household Questionnaire was used to collect data such as:
• Age, sex, marital status, and education of all usual members and visitors
• Current school attendance and survivorship of parents among children under age 18
• Characteristics of the structural dwelling/housing unit
• Sanitation facilities and source of water
• Ownership of durable goods, land, and livestock
• Ownership and use of mosquito nets
The Household Questionnaire was also used to record biomarker data, including height and weight
data for children and women and HIV and CD4 testing information for women and men. Data on age and
sex of household members were used to identify the women and men eligible for individual interviews.
The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. Women
were asked questions on the following main topics:
• Background characteristics (age, religion, education, literacy, media exposure, etc.)
• Reproductive history
• Knowledge, use, and source of family planning methods
• Fertility preferences
• Maternal health (antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care)
• Fistula prevalence
• Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
• Child immunisation and childhood illnesses
• Treatment of malaria
• Child mortality
• Marriage and sexual activity
• Women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics
• Awareness of AIDS and other STIs
• Other health issues (e.g., tuberculosis, injection safety, and smoking)
• Maternal mortality
• Domestic violence
The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-59. It collected much of the same
information as the Woman’s Questionnaire but it
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2013-08-01 | 2014-04-30 |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Office | Ministry of Finance |
The survey was undertaken by 24 field teams. The 24 interviewing teams carrying out data collection each consisted of one supervisor (team leader), one field editor, three female interviewers, two male interviewers, two nurses/nurse counsellors, one laboratory technician, and one driver. Four senior staff members from the CSO, assisted by seven other staff members, coordinated supervision of fieldwork activities.
The survey was undertaken by 24 field teams. The 24 interviewing teams carrying out data
collection each consisted of one supervisor (team leader), one field editor, three female interviewers, two
male interviewers, two nurses/nurse counsellors, one laboratory technician, and one driver. Four senior
staff members from the CSO, assisted by seven other staff members, coordinated supervision of fieldwork
activities. Three staff members from UNZA assisted in field supervision and monitoring. In addition, two
ICF International staff members conducted field supervision activities. To monitor implementation of the
2013-14 ZDHS biomarker components, laboratory staff from the TDRC and UTH Virology periodically
supervised and monitored field laboratory technicians with respect to their compliance with survey
biomarker procedures. Data collection took place over an eight-month period, from August 2013 to
April 2014.
Data appraisal
Sampling errors for the 2014 ZDHS were calculated for selected variables considered to be of primary interest.
The confidence interval (e.g., as calculated for the number of children ever born for women 40-49 years) can be interpreted as follows: the overall average from the national sample is 6.341 and its standard error is 0.077. Therefore, to obtain the 95 percent confidence limits, one adds and subtracts twice the standard error to the sample estimate, i.e., 6.341 ± 2×0.077. There is a high probability (95 percent) that the true proportion of women 40-49 with children ever born is between 6.187 and 6.496. For the total sample, the value of the DEFT, averaged over all variables, is 1.490. This means that, due to multi-stage clustering of the sample, the average standard error is increased by a factor of 1.490 over that in an equivalent simple random sample.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | Ministry of Finance and National Planning | www.zamstats.gov.zm | info@zamstats.gov.zm |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes |
The Agency shall,where statistics are designated as official statistics, protect the confidentiality and identity of the source of data. Under the provision of the Statistics ACT no.13 of 2018, ZamStats is obliged to preserve the confidentiality of respondent information in all its census and survey data Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree: 1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the Agency. 2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files. 3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the Agency |
Micro data records are anonymized as per procedures before these are made available to users.
Micro data files are all free but under access policy conditions:
Each dataset has an access policy :Public use file - accessible to all and - Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions. The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
- The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Zambia Statistics Agency
- The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
- No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
Zambia Statistics Agency
Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14 (ZDHS 2013-24), Version 1.0 of the Puublic use dataset
Disclaimer and copyrights
ZamStats will not bear any responsibility for the erroneous use of its data by researchers. Users should report inconsistencies in the data (both micro and aggregated) to ZamStats as soon as possible.
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such use
2013-14, Zambia Statistics Agency
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Etambuyu Lukonga | Zambia Statistics Agency | info@zamstats.gov.zm | www.zamstats.gov.zm |
| Catherine Mumba | Zambia Statistics Agency | info@zamstats.gov.zm | www.zamstats.gov.zm |
| Emmanuel Mulambia | Zambia Statistics Agency | info@zamstats.gov.zm | www.zamstats.gov.zm |
Metadata production
ZMB-ZSA-ZDHS-2023-24-V1.0
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Zambia Statistics Agency | Ministry of Finance and National Planning | Documentation of the survey |
2026-01-07
Metadata version
Version 1.1