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2023 Labour Force Survey
12th Edition

Zambia, 2023
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ZMB-ZSA-LFS-2023-V1.0
Producer(s)
ZAMSTATS
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Created on
Aug 17, 2025
Last modified
Feb 11, 2026
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Data file: ZM_Annual_LFS_2023_Data_Anonymised

The file contains data on labour market statistics for the 2023 edition of the Labour Force Survey. The data has weights and individual/household interviews. It was generated using an CSpro format and converted to SPSS. It is an aggregate of quartely data sets of the year.

Cases: 48807
Variables: 473

Variables

QUARTER
QUARTER
CLUSTER
8. Cluster Number
PROV
1. Province
DIST
2. District
PID
PID
A2
Is ... Male or Female?
A3
How old was ... at (his/her) last birthday?
A4
What is ...'s relationship to the head of the household?
A5
What is ...'s current marital status?
A6
What was .....?s age at first marriage?
HH_MORE
Population Section: Roster Confirmation
A7
Is the biological mother of (NAME) still alive?
A7A
Is the biological mother of (NAME) still alive?
A8
Has (NAME)?s parents been very sick for at least three months during the past 12 months, that he/she has been too sick to work or do normal activities?
A10
Does ......... have
A11
Does ......... have
A12
Does ......... have
A13
Does ......... have
A14
Does ......... have Difficulty with self care such as washing allover or dressing
A15
Does ......... have
A16
....Mentioned having alot of difficulties doing some things when did the first of these difficulties start
B1
Can... read and write in any language?
B2
Has... ever attended school?
B3A
At what age did (NAME) begin school?
B3B
Have (NAME) ever repeated any level of schooling any point in time?
B3C
Is (NAME) currently attending school?
B4
What is the main reason ... is not currently attending school? B4
B4_S
Specify the main reason ... is not currently attending school?
B5
What grade/level is .... currently attending?
B6
What is the highest grade/level of education that ... has successfully completed?
B7
What is the field of study for the highest professional qualification ...successfully completed?
B8
What is/was the main reason ... never attended school?
B8_S
Specify the main reason ... never attended school?
B9
Did (NAME) participate in any business, entrepreneurship or microenterprise development training?
B10
Did (NAME) learn a trade or technical skill?
B11
What type of trade or technical skill did (NAME) learn?
B12
How did (NAME) acquire this trade or skill?
B12_SPEC
How did (NAME) acquire this trade or skill?
C1A
In the last 7 days, that is from [DATE] up to [DATE/yesterday], did (NAME) do any work for a wage, salary, or any other pay, even if only for one hour?
C1B
In the last 7days, did (NAME) run or do any kind of business, farming or other activity to generate income, even if only for one hour?
C1C
In the last 7days, did (NAME) help a member of the household or family with his/her paid job or business?
C2A
In the last (7days), did (NAME) have a paid job or a business to which (NAME) expects to return?
C2B
Does (NAME) usually help in any business run by the household or family but was absent for the last (7days)?
C2C
Why was (NAME) absent from work during the last (7days)?
C2C_1
Other specify
C2D
Including the time that (NAME) has been absent, will (NAME) return to that same job / business within 3 months or less?
C2E
Does (NAME) (continue to) receive an income from his/her job during this absence?
C3A
Was this work that you mentioned in...?
C3B
In the last 7 days did (NAME) do any work in farming, rearing animals or fishing?
C3C
Thinking about the products (NAME) worked on, are they mainly intended for sale or for family use?
D1A
During the last 7 days did (NAME) have more than one job/business?
D1B
How many jobs/business did (Name) have in the last 7 days?
D1_TITLE
In his/her main job/business, what kind of work does (NAME) usually do? TITLE
D1_DESC
In his/her main job/business, what kind of work does (NAME) usually do? DESCRIPTIONS
D1_ISCO
In his/her main job/business, what kind of work does (NAME) usually do? CODE
D2_NAME_OF_EST
In his/her workplace, what kind of business/activity is mainly carried out? Name of est.
D2_MAIN_ACTIVITIES
In his/her workplace, what kind of business/activity is mainly carried out? Main Activities.
D2_ISIC
In his/her workplace, what kind of business/activity is mainly carried out?ISIC CODE
D3_YEAR
When did ??? start working for this employer or start this business?IN YEARS
D3_MONTHS
When did ??? start working for this employer or start this business? IN MONTHS
D4
Where is??place of work located?
D4_SPECIFY
Where is??place of work located?
D5
Does?..work in????
D6
How many persons, including.....work at this place of work/business?
D7_A
In the main job/business that (NAME) has, is she/he.??
D7_B
Are you at least guaranteed that you will get some work or hours in your job?
D7_C
In the last 12 months, did most of the income from the business come from just one client?
D7_D
Do you get your customers, clients or buyers through someone else, for example from another company, intermediary or person?
D7_E
In this activity, do you
D7_F
Does that client, company or intermediary set??
D7_G
Who usually makes the decisions about the running of the family/household business??
D7_H
Do you hire any paid employees on a regular basis?
D7_I
Which of the following types of pay (do/does) (you/NAME) receive for this work?
D7_I_SPECIFY
Which of the following types of pay (do/does) (you/NAME) receive for this work? Specify
D7_J
At what age did NAME start work for the first time in his /her life
D7_K
What is the main reason that (NAME) is doing this work?
D7K_OTHER
What is the main reason that (NAME) is doing this work?
D7_L
Thinking about the last 7 days did (NAME) usually carry out these activities:
D7_M
During the last 7 days when did (NAME) usually carry out these activities
D8
Is (your/NAME)?s contract/agreement...?
D9
How long in total is your/NAME?S current agreement
D10
Does the employer contribute to any social security scheme for....... ?
D11
Is ? entitled to paid leave in his/her main job?
D12
Is ?. entitled to paid sick leave in case of illness or injury?
D13
Is .... entitled to paid paternity/ maternity leave?
D14
On this job, is ?. a member of any trade union?
D15
Who determines (Name) annual salary increments?
D15_SPECIFY
Who determines (Name) annual salary increments?
D16
Does ?.?s employer deduct income tax from his/her salary?
D17
Is (Name) entitled to medical insurance benefits from his/her employer?
D18
Is ?. employed on the basis of a written contract or an oral agreement?
D19
Is the establishment/business where ?. works registered with....?
D20
Is the establishment/business where ?. works registered with Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA)?
D21
Does Establishment where .... work keep books of accounts
E1AA
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Sunday Main job?
E1AB
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Sunday other jobs?
E1AC
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Monday Main job?
E1AD
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Monday other jobs?
E1AE
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Tuesday Main job?
E1AF
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Tuesday other jobs?
E1AG
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Wednesday Main job?
E1AH
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Wednesday other jobs?
E1AI
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Thursday Main job?
E1AJ
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Thursday other jobs?
E1AK
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Friday Main job?
E1AL
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Friday other jobs?
E1AM
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Saturday Main job?
E1AN
Thinking about the last 7 Days, how many hours ?? work his/her on Saturday other jobs?
E2
Is [NAME] main job/business??.?
E3A
How many hours does (NAME) usually work per week in his/her...? Main job
E3B
How many hours does (NAME) usually work per week in his/her...? All other jobs
E3C
How many hours does (NAME) usually work per week in his/her...? OVERALL TOTAL
E4
During the last 30 days, that is from [DATE] up to [yesterday], did (NAME) look for additional or other paid work?
E5
Would (NAME) want to work more hours per week than usually worked, provided the extra hours are paid?
E6
Could (NAME) start working more hours within the next two weeks?
E7
How many additional hours could (NAME) work
E8
Does (NAME) want to change his/her current employment situation?
E9
What is the main reason why (NAME) wants to change his/her current employment situation?
E9_SPECIFY
What is the main reason why (NAME) wants to change his/her current employment situation?
E10
What is the main reason why (NAME) worked less hours last week/7days
FA1
What is the frequency of .....'s income/earnings in his/her main job?
FA2
Do you usually receive any tips or commission?
FA3
What is your annually/monthly/weekly/daily/hourly wage or salary before deductions?
FA4
If amount not stated
FB1
What is the easiest for you to tell us your earnings after expenses? Would it be??..?
FB2
What are your annual/monthly/weekly/daily/hourly earnings after expenses?
FB3
If amount not stated
FB4
For those who do not know or refuse, please provide a range as guided below
G1
During the last 30 days, that is from [DATE] up to [DATE/yesterday], did (NAME) do anything to find a paid job/business
G2
What did (NAME) mainly do in the last 30 days to find a job or start a business?
G2_APPLY_PROSPECTVE_EMPLOYERS
Apply to prospective employers
G2_PLACE_ANSWER_JOBADVERT
Place or answer job advertisements
G2_READ_JOB_ADVERT
Study or read job advertisements
G2_REGISTER_WITH_EMPLOYMENT_CENT
Register with (employment centre)
G2_REGISTER_WITH_PRIVATE_RECRUIT
Register with private recruitment offices
G2_TEST_INTERVIEW
Take a test or interview
G2_SEEK_HELP_RELATIVES
Seek help from relatives, friends, others
G2_CHECK_FACTORIES
Check at factories, work sites
G2_WAIT_ON_STREET
Wait on the street to be recruited
G2_SEEK_FINANCIAL_HELP
Seek financial help to start a business
G2_LOOK_FOR_LAND_BUILDING
Look for land, building, equipment, materials to start a business
G2_APPLY_FOR_PERMIT
Apply for permit or license to start a business
G2_WEBSITE_JOBPORTAL
Website/ Job portal
G2_OTHER_SPECIFY
Other
G2B
Other
G3
What is the main reason why (NAME) did not try to find a paid job or start a business in the last 30 days?
G3B
Other specify
G4
If (a/the) job or business opportunity had been available could (NAME) have started working last week?
G5
What is the main reason why (NAME) is not available to start working in the next two weeks?
G5B
Other specify
G6
For how long has (NAME) been without work and trying to find a paid job or start a business?
H1
During the last 7 days, that is from [DATE] up to [DATE/yesterday], did (NAME) do any of the following activities to produce foodstuff intended mainly for consumption by the household?
H_GROW_CROPS
Grow any crops, vegetables or fruits
H_GATHER_FOODSTUFF_WILDFRUITS
Gather other foodstuff such as [wild berries, mushrooms]
H_REAR_ANIMALS
Rear or tend animals
H_FISH
Fish or collect shellfish
H_HUNT
Hunt
H2
How many hours did (NAME) spend on these activities in the last 7 days?
H3
Which type of animals or products mainly for consumption by the household was (NAME) working on?
H4
During the last 7 days, did (NAME) spend any time providing care, help or assistance to household members aged 18 years or older because of a disability, illness, or problems related to old age?
H5
How many hours did (NAME) spend on these activities during the last 7days?
H6
Did (NAME) spend any time looking after children aged 17 years or younger living in this household?
H7
How many hours did (NAME) spend on these activities during the last 7days?
H8A
During the last 7 days how much time did (NAME) spend on Cleaning the house, washing clothes, cooking or shopping for the household
H8B
During the last 7 days how much time did (NAME) spend on Preparing and preserving food, such as [ Mealie meal, dried fish/meat, cassava, ].
H8C
During the last 7 days how much time did (NAME) spend on Making goods for use by the household, such as [furniture, pottery, baskets, clothing, mats].
H8D
During the last 7 days how much time did (NAME) spend on Paying household bills or arranging services to fix or maintain the household?s dwelling or car
H8E
During the last 7 days how much time did (NAME) spend on Doing repairs or maintenance works, such as [fixing broken appliances or fixtures, painting walls, etc]
H8F
During the last 7 days how much time did (NAME) spend on Doing construction work to renovate, extend or build the household?s dwelling.
H8G
During the last 7 days how much time did (NAME) spend on Fetching water from natural or public sources for use by the household
H8H
During the last 7 days how much time did (NAME) spend on Collecting firewood or other natural products for use as fuel by the household
I1A
Has (NAME) fallen ill or been injured in the last 12 months?
I1B
How often were (NAME) injured or ill in the last twelve months
I1C
How serious was most recent illness or injury (NAME) got?
I2
Thinking of the Past 12 months has (NAME) suffered any occupational injury (personal injury or disease) resulting from an occupational accident at work or in the course of your work?
J1_A
In which Country was ........ born?
J1_A_COUNTRY
specify the country in which ....... was born?
J2_A_NATIONALITY
What is 's Nationality
J2_A_OTHER_NATIONALITY
Does ......... have any other Nationality
J3_A
Has ........ Moved from another country to Zambia in the last 12 months
J4_A_YEAR
When did ........... move to Zambia (the most recent move)? Give year
J5_A_COUNTRY
In which Country was ....... living before ....... moved to Zambia?
J6_A
What was the main reason for............. moving to Zambia
J6_A_SPECIFY
What was the main reason for moving to the province you presently reside in?
J7_A
With whom did (NAME) move?
J8_A_HAS_NAME_TRAVELLED_ABROAD
J8_A: In the past 12 months, has (NAME) travelled abroad for work?
J9_A_HOW_MANY_TRIPS
J9_A: How many trips has (NAME) made
J10_A_TRAVEL_ABROAD_TO_PROVIDE_S
J10_A: Did (NAME) travel abroad to provide a service in the destination country?
J11_A_WHAT_TYPE_OF_SERVICE
J11_A: What type of service did (NAME) provide?
J12_A_WHAT_WAS_THE_COST_OF_SERVI
J12_A: Approximately, what was the cost of the service?
J13_B
Does ..... send Money to back home abroad
J14_B
How much does......... send
J15_B
How does ..........send this money
J16_B
How Much on Average does ...... pay as fees for the money sent
J17_B
How often does ....... send
J1_C_DIST
In which Dist was ........ born?
J2_C
Has ....... Moved from one district to another in the last 12 Months
J3_C_MONTH
When did you move to this district (the most recent move)? Give year and month
J3_C_YEAR
When did ........... move to this district (the most recent move)? Give year
J4_C_DISTICT
in which district was ....... living before he / she moved to the district you presently reside in
J5_C
What was the main reason why (name) decided to leave the household?
J6_C
With whom did (NAME) move?
L1_WATER
During the last 7 days did (NAME) Fetch Water for the household?
L1_FIREWOOD
During the last 7 days did (NAME) Fetch Firewood for the household?
L1_COOK
During the last 7 days did (NAME) Cook for the household?
L1_CLEAN
During the last 7 days did (NAME) Clean for the household?
L1_WASH
During the last 7 days did (NAME) Washing clothes for the household?
L1_CARING
During the last 7 days did (NAME) Caring for children/ old/ sick for the household?
L1_OTHER
During the last 7 days did (NAME) other for the household?
L1_SPEC
During the last 7 days did (NAME) other for the household?
L2_MONDAY
During each day of the last seven days how many hours did you do such
L2_TUESDAY
During each day of the last seven days how many hours did you do such
L2_WEDNESDAY
During each day of the last seven days how many hours did you do such
L2_THURSDAY
During each day of the last seven days how many hours did you do such
L2_FRIDAY
During each day of the last seven days how many hours did you do such
L2_SATURDAY
During each day of the last seven days how many hours did you do such
L2_SUNDAY
During each day of the last seven days how many hours did you do such
L3
During the last 7 days when did you usually carry out these activities
L4
Thinking about the last 7 days did (NAME) usually carry out these activities:
P1A_SAVINGS
Savings
P1B_WAREHOUSE
warehouse receipting
P1C_INSUARANCE
Insurance
P1D_BANK_ACCOUNTS
Bank Accounts
P1E_USES_OF_DEBT
Different uses of debt
P1F_CREDT_GUARANTE_SCHEM
Credit Guarantee Scheme
P1G_MOVABLE_COLLATERAL
Movable Collateral Facilities
P1H_MOBILE_MONEY
Mobile money services
P1I_CREDIT_BUREAU
Role of the Credit Reference Bureau
P1J_INVESTMENTS
investments
P1K_GROUPS_VILLAGE_SAVINGS
Savings groups/ village savings
P1L_PENSIONS_MICRO_PENSIONS
P1Pensions/ Micro Pensions
P2A_NRC
National registration card
P2B_DRIVERS_LICENCE
Driver's license
P2C_PASSPORT
Passport
P2D_PAYSLIP
Payslip from employer
P2E_LEASE_RENTAL
Lease or rental agreement in your Name
P2F_SUBSCRIPTION
Subscription (e.g. satellite TV) in your name
P2G_TPN
Tax identification form in your name
P2H_ELECT_WATER_BILL
Electricity/water bill in your name
P2I_INSUANCE_POLICY
Insurance policy i
P2J_TELEPHONE_BILL
Telephone/Zamtel bill in your name
P2K_TITLE_DEED
Title deed in your name
P2L_WHITEBOOK
white book
P3A_PAYBILLS_ONTIME
Pay all bills on time
P3B_SPENDING_PLAN
Use a spending plan or budget
P3C_EMERGENCE_PLAN
Have a financial emergency plan
P3D_SETTING_GOALS
Financial planning and setting goals for the future
P4A_CASH
Cash
P4B_ATMDEBT_CARD
ATM/Debit card
P4C_CREDIT_CARD
Credit card
P4D_BANK_TRANSFER
Bank transfer
P4E_MOBILE_MONEY
Mobile Money
P5_MOST_IMPORTANT
Which of these is most important to have to be able to manage your finances on a daily basis? Read out; Single mention
P6A_BANK
Bank
P6B_MFI
Microfinance institution (MFI) such as Madison Finance
P6C_LENDER
Lender such as Meanwood Finance
P6D_INSUARANCE_SEVICES
Insuarance Services
P6E_PENSIONS
Pensions
P6F_FUND_MANAGER
Insurance or Fund Manager
P6G_CHILIMBA
Chilimba
P6H_SERVING_GROUPS
Saving group
P6I_SACCO
Savings and credit cooperative (SACCO)
P6J_VILLAGE_BANKING
Village Banking
P6K_MOBILE_MONEY
Mobile money services
P6L_SOMEONE_IN_COMMUNITY
Someone in the community ( Family or Friends)
P6M_FAMILY_FRIENDS
Family/friends
P6_OTHER
OTHER
P6_OTHER1
OTHER
P7_USE_BANK
When you use a bank do you use it ?
P8A_ATM_DEBIT_CARD
ATM/debit card
P8B_MONEY_TRANSFER
Money transfer (without using a mobile
P8C_MOBILE_BANKING
Mobile banking
P8D_CHEQUE_ACCOUNT
Current/cheque account
P8E_SAVINGS_ACCOUNT
Savings account
P8F_FIXED_DEPOSIT
Fixed deposit account
P8G_INTERNET_BANKING
internet banking
P8H_CREDIT
p8 credit
P8_OTHER
Any other account not mentioned here?
P8_SPECIFY
Other Specify?.........
P9_PAY_FOOD
What method do you mainly use to pay for food/groceries?
P9_SPECIFY
other specify
P10_UTILITY_BILLS
What method do you mainly use to pay for utility bills
P10_SPECIFY
Other specify
P11_SCHOOL_FEES
How do you usually pay for school fees? Read out; Single mention
P11_SPECIFY
Other specify
P12_LAGER_GOODS
How would you mainly pay for larger goods/appliances such as a radio, TV, furniture or a bicycle? Read out; Single mention
P12_SPECIFY
Other specify
P13_RURAL
If you needed K500 within three days incase of an emergency, were would you get it from?
P13_SPECIFY_RURAL
other specify
P131_URBAN
If you needed (K500 FOR RURAL / K1,000 FOR URBAN) within three days incase of an emergency, were would you get it from?
P13_SPECIFY_URBAN
other specify
P14_ENSURE
How will you mainly ensure that you have money to meet your needs when you are old and cannot work
P14_SPECIFY
Other specify
P15A_MONEY_I_NEED
I know how much money I need to meet my monthly expenses
P15B_KEEP_TRACK
I keep track of my monthly expenses
P15C_MONTHLY_EARNINGS
I split my monthly earnings on consumption, savings and investment.
P16_FINANCIAL_SERVICE
Do you understand why financial service providers request for personal information when registering
P17_TERMS_CONDITIONS
Do you understand fully the terms and conditions for the services offered by your financial service provider?
P18_SATISFIED
Are you satisfied with the quality of services that you receive from your financial service provider
P19_LODGING_COMPLAINTS
Do you understand the procedure for lodging complaints in case of a dispute?
Total: 473
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